Table of Contents

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Background
  • 1.2 Problem Statement
  • 1.3 Research Objectives
  • 1.4 Report Organization
• 2. Literature Review
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Bottom Ash
  • 2.3 Moisture Susceptibility
  • 2.4 Stripping
  • 2.5 Methods to Evaluate Moisture Susceptibility
    • 2.5.1 Boiling Water Test
    • 2.5.2 Static-Immersion Test
    • 2.5.3 Texas Boiling Water Test
    • 2.5.4 Lottman Test
    • 2.5.5 Tunnicliff and Root Conditioning
    • 2.5.6 Modified Lottman Test
    • 2.5.7 Immersion-Compression Test
    • 2.5.8 Texas Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test
  • 2.6 Methods to Limit Moisture Susceptibility
    • 2.6.1 Anti-Stripping Agents
      • 2.6.1.1 Liquid Anti-Stripping Agents
      • 2.6.1.2 Lime Additives
  • 2.7 Methods to Evaluate Low Temperature Cracking
    • 2.7.1 Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test
  • 2.8 Methods to Evaluate Rutting
    • 2.8.1 The French Rutting Tester
    • 2.8.2 The Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device
    • 2.8.3 Georgia Loaded -Wheel Tester
  • 2.9 Methods to Evaluate Field Performance of Asphalt Pavements
    • 2.9.1 Surface Deflections
      • 2.9.1.1 Falling Weight Deflectometer
      • 2.9.1.2 Temperature Correction of FWD Deflections
    • 2.9.2 Backcalculation of Layer Moduli
      • 2.9.2.1 Description of Evercalc4.0
    • 2.9.3 Pavement Condition Index
  • 2.10 Nitrogen Analysis
  • 2.11 Chapter Summary
• 3. Experimental Design
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Asphalt Mix Materials
  • 3.3 Laboratory Evaluation
    • 3.3.1 Preparation of Samples for Indirect Tensile Strength Test, Georgia Loaded Wheel Test and Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test
    • 3.3.2 Preparation of Aggregate for Nitrogen Analysis Test
    • 3.3.3 Percent Air Voids
    • 3.3.4 Saturation and Conditioning
  • 3.4 Field Evaluation
    • 3.4.1 Test Section Design and Construction
    • 3.4.2 Test Section Evaluation
  • 3.5 Chapter Summary
• 4. Laboratory Evaluation
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Materials
  • 4.3 Indirect Tensile Strength Test
  • 4.4 Georgia Loaded Wheel Test
  • 4.5 Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test
  • 4.6 Nitrogen Analysis
    • 4.6.1 Discussion of Results
  • 4.7 Chapter Summary
• 5. Field Evaluation
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Falling Weight Deflectometer Deflections
    • 5.2.1 Temperature Correction
  • 5.3 Backcalculation of Layer Moduli
  • 5.4 Pavement Condition Index
  • 5.5 Chapter Summary
• 6. Data Analysis
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Statistical Analysis of the Elastic Moduli Data
  • 6.3 Statistical Modeling of TSR Results
  • 6.4 Moisture Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixes
  • 6.5 Chapter Summary
• 7. Conclusions and Recommendations
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Conclusions
    • 7.2.1 Laboratory Evaluation
    • 7.2.2 Field Evaluation
  • 7.3 Recommendations
• References
• Appendix A. FWD Data*
• Appendix B. TSR Data*
• Appendix C. SAS Analysis*

*available in the PDF version